Ex rel. is an abbreviation of the Latin expression “ex relatione” (meaning “of the relator`s relation/narrative]”). The term is a legal idiom; The Legal Citation Guide, the Blue Book, describes ex rel. as a “procedural phrase” and requires that it be used to abbreviate “about the relationship of”, “for the use of”, “on behalf of” and similar terms. [1] Conj. Abbreviation for Latin ex relatione, meaning “by kinship” or “by information,” used in the title of a court case brought by an Attorney General (or the federal Department of Justice) on behalf of the government at the instigation of an individual who needs the state to enforce his or her rights and those of the public. For example, the legend would read: State of Tennessee ex rel. Archie Johnson v. Hardy Products. The term “ex rel” is an abbreviated version of the Latin expression ex relatione, which means “by the relation of”. As a legal term, this term is used to indicate that a case is filed by an applicant at the request or in the interest of another party.
The term is the procedural equivalent of “in the name of” or “for the use of”. The message also suggested that HLRA “diverts the money it spends on legal fees ($185,664 in 2013) to a more worthy cause. [44] The Attorney General is publishing a style guide to complement the Blue Book. [25] This guide focuses on citation for practitioners, so that, for example, only two fonts are used for legal overviews, regular and italic. [26] Other changes are also minor, such as the passage from before the referenced page to the page number. [27] The Guide indicates that the Blue Book Rule prevails in the event of a conflict, unless explicitly stated otherwise. [28] He wrote that a quick glance at the nineteenth issue “reminded him of Mr. Kurtz in Heart of Darkness: “The horror! The horror! “[37],[40] Although less common, ex-OER cases may also be filed by individuals or groups on behalf of another person.
These cases are usually filed on behalf of a parent or person who has a contractual interest in the case. For example, in a 2005 appeal to the United States Supreme Court, Schiavo ex rel. Schindler v. Schiavo, the complainant, Terry Schiavo, was declared unfit for work, and the case was filed at the instigation and in favour of her parents, Robert and Mary Schindler. The Blue Book is also affected by disruptions in the legal industry due to legal technology. [51] In 2017, the startup LegalEase[52] launched a legal citation generator that allows its users to create citations in bluebook format. [53] Ex rel. is an abbreviation meaning “ex relatione”. It is often used in the title of a capital and lowercase letter after the name of a party. The term ex relatione means “about the relationship or information”. Legal proceedings initiated by the Attorney-General or the Attorney-General in the name and on behalf of the State, but on the basis of information and on the complaint of a person who has a personal interest in the case, are referred to as that person`s “ex relationship”, called the rapporteur.
The term can also be used when a parent or party brings an action on behalf of another person. For example, Terri Schiavo`s appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court was Schiavo ex rel. Schindler v. Schiavo. The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation illustrates hypertrophy in an anthropological sense. It is a monstrous growth, far from the functional necessity of forms of legal citation, that serves the obscure needs of legal culture and its student subculture. [37] A group led by NYU Law School Professor Christopher J.
Sprigman has prepared a “public domain implementation of the Bluebook`s uniform citation system,” which his group calls BabyBlue. Ministry of Justice. When such a case is cited, the applicant is listed first, followed by the expression “ex rel” and then the name of the rapporteur. For example, Missouri ex rel. Gaines v. Canada was filed by the State of Missouri on behalf of the individual Lloyd L. Gaines. In response to HLRA`s letter to Sprigman, more than 150 Harvard Law School students, faculty, staff, and alumni signed a petition in support of BabyBlue. In such a case, the private part is called a relator. The Government acts on the basis of narration or recount (Latin relatione) of the facts alleged by the rapporteur. As a general rule, governments accept requests and take action for appropriate action only if the interest expressed by the private party corresponds to the interest of the government. The Client was and is concerned that the publication and promotion of such work could infringe the copyrights of The Bluebook and The Bluebook Online Reviews and cause significant and irreparable damage to Critics and their rights and interests in such Works.
Ex-rel cases may be civil or criminal in nature. They are usually presented when the interests of the individual coincide closely with the interests of the government or the public. Whistleblowing cases and civil rights cases are often filed in this way. Our client is of the opinion that the BabyBlue title, or any title composed of the word “Blue” when used on or in connection with your work, is so similar to the BLUEBOOK marks that it is likely to cause confusion, error and/or deception. Accordingly, and to avoid any risk of confusion among consumers, my client respectfully requests that you undertake not to (i) use the title or name BabyBlue or any other title or name containing the word “blue” for your work. [43] “Ex relatione”. Merriam-Webster.com Legal Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, www.merriam-webster.com/legal/ex%20relatione. Retrieved 14 January 2022. Another dispute concerns the copyright status of The Bluebook. Proponents of open source argue that The Bluebook is not copyrighted because it is an essential part of the legal infrastructure.
[41] Lawyers representing the Bluebook publishing consortium argue that “carefully selected examples, explanations and other textual records” are protected by copyright. [42] California required the use of the California Style Manual. [29] In 2008, the California Supreme Court issued a rule that gave the option to use the California Style Manual or The Bluebook. [30] The two styles differ considerably in the citation of case law, in the use of ibid. or id. (for idem) and in the citation of books and journals. [31] Michigan uses a separate official citation system issued as an administrative order issued by the Michigan Supreme Court. [32] The main difference is that the Michigan system “omits all periods in citations, uses italics slightly differently, and does not use `small caps.`” [33] As noted above, Texas merely supplements the Bluebook with points specific to Texas courts, such as the citation of cases where Texas was an independent republic,[34] petition and written history,[35] the Attorney General`s opinion,[36] and similar matters.